The United States Department of State is backing a new legislative proposal that could see half of U.S. aid to Nigeria withheld unless strict conditions on security and accountability are met.

The measure, approved by the U.S. House Appropriations Committee, forms part of the Fiscal Year 2027 National Security, Department of State, and Related Programmes appropriations bill. It reflects mounting concern in Washington over persistent violence across Africa’s most populous country.

Under the proposal, about 50 per cent of allocated assistance would only be released if the Secretary of State certifies that Nigeria is making “effective steps” to tackle insecurity, protect civilians, and prosecute those responsible for attacks.

The broader bill earmarks roughly $47.32 billion for foreign aid and diplomacy, marking a decline of about six per cent compared to the previous year.

Lawmakers tied the conditional funding to ongoing attacks by militant groups and widespread violence affecting vulnerable communities. The bill also directs Nigerian authorities to prioritise support for victims, especially internally displaced persons, and to ensure safe returns and reconstruction in conflict-hit areas.

In addition, Nigeria would be expected to match U.S. funding for supported programmes under a dollar-for-dollar arrangement, potentially placing extra strain on government finances.

A committee statement said the legislation aims to “hold foreign governments accountable for persecuting people of faith,” adding that assistance to Nigeria would remain restricted until “measurable actions” are taken to protect vulnerable populations.

The proposal further introduces tighter congressional oversight, requiring the U.S. administration to notify lawmakers at least 15 days before releasing any funds.

However, the bill has not yet become law. It must still pass both chambers of Congress and be signed by the U.S. president.

Nigeria has consistently rejected claims that its security challenges are driven by religious persecution, maintaining that the crisis stems from a complex mix of terrorism, banditry, and communal conflicts.

If approved, the measure could mark a significant shift in U.S.–Nigeria relations, signalling stricter oversight and conditionality in future foreign assistance.